The weeks shown in color represent the start and end points of chemical exposure for each study.
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased relative thymus weight and thymic cellularity on gestational day 19 at dose of 3.0 μg/kg only; multiple phenotypic alterations in thymocytes on gestational day 19 and post-natal day 1, mostly at higher dose |
Subjects: F344 rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 1.0 or 3.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 14 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: gestational day 19 and post-natal day 1 |
Reference [PubMed Link] Gehrs BC, Riddle MM, Williams WC, Smialowicz RJ. 1997. Alterations in the developing immune system of the F344 rat after perinatal exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin .I. Effects on the fetus and the neonate. Toxicology 122(3):219-228. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased thymic cellularity and altered percentage of thymocytes, particularly in pups cross-fostered for both perinatal and lactational exposure. |
Subjects: F344 rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 1.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 14 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: 1, 2 and 3 weeks of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Gehrs BC, Riddle MM, Williams WC, Smialowicz RJ. 1997. Alterations in the developing immune system of the F344 rat after perinatal exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin .II. Effects on the pup and the adult. Toxicology 122(3):229-240. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased relative thymus weight in males |
Subjects: F344 rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 3.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 14 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: 14 to 17 weeks of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Gehrs BC, Riddle MM, Williams WC, Smialowicz RJ. 1997. Alterations in the developing immune system of the F344 rat after perinatal exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin .II. Effects on the pup and the adult. Toxicology 122(3):229-240. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Suppressed delayed-type-hypersensitivity response to BSA in males at 4 and 14 months at 1.0 μg/kg and at 14 months only at 0.1 and 0.3 μg/kg; also suppressed response in females at 14 months at 0.3 and 1.0 μg/kg |
Subjects: F344 rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 0.1, 0.3 or 1.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: delivered orally Exposure duration: gestational day 14 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: 4 and 14 months of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Gehrs BC, Smialowicz RJ. 1999. Persistent suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity in adult F344 rats after perinatal exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Toxicology 134(1):79-88. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Suppressed delayed-type-hypersensitivity response to BSA in males at 4, 8 and 19 months and in females at 4 months |
Subjects: F344 rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 3.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: delivered orally Exposure duration: gestational day 14 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: 4, 8, 12 and 19 months of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Gehrs BC, Smialowicz RJ. 1999. Persistent suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity in adult F344 rats after perinatal exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Toxicology 134(1):79-88. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Suppressed delayed-type-hypersensitivity response to KLH in 4 month old males and to BSA in 5 month old males |
Subjects: F344 rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 3.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: delivered orally Exposure duration: gestational day 14 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: 4 and 5 months of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Gehrs BC, Smialowicz RJ. 1999. Persistent suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity in adult F344 rats after perinatal exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Toxicology 134(1):79-88. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Significantly decreased thymus/body weight ratios and thymic cellularities on phenotypic analysis |
Subjects: F344 rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 3.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: delivered orally Exposure duration: gestational day 14 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: 5 months of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Gehrs BC, Smialowicz RJ. 1999. Persistent suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity in adult F344 rats after perinatal exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Toxicology 134(1):79-88. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased relative spleen weight for wild type and AhRKO mice at 21 days of age. |
Subjects: C57BL/6 mice Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 5.0 μg/kg/bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered orally Exposure duration: gestational day 13 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: 21, 35, and 90 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Lin TM, Ko K, Moore RW, Buchanan DL, Cooke PS, Peterson RE. 2001. Role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in the development of control and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-exposed male mice. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part a 64(4):327-342. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased relative thymus weight for wild type mice at 21, 35, and 90 days of age, and for AhRKO type mice at 35 days of age |
Subjects: C57BL/6 mice Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 5.0 μg/kg/bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered orally Exposure duration: gestational day 13 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: 21, 35, and 90 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Lin TM, Ko K, Moore RW, Buchanan DL, Cooke PS, Peterson RE. 2001. Role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in the development of control and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-exposed male mice. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part a 64(4):327-342. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased contact hypersensitivity response (CHS) for males and females challenged at 7 days of age with topical application of 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) applied to ventral and dorsal surfaces of right pinna at 2, 4, and 6 months of age at 1.0 and 3.0 μg/kg; increased total cellularity in vehicle control draining lymph node in females at 6 months of age at 1.0 μg/kg; increased percent of CD45RChi/CD4+ lymphocytes in draining nodes in females for both DNFB challenged and vehicle control challenged lymph nodes at 6 months of age at 3.0 μg/kg |
Subjects: Fisher 344 rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 1.0 or 3.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 14 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: 1 day through 6 months |
Reference [PubMed Link] Walker DB, Williams WC, Copeland CB, Smialowicz RJ. 2004. Persistent suppression of contact hypersensitivity, and altered T-cell parameters in F344 rats exposed perinatally to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Toxicology 197(1):57-66. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Induction of CYP1A1 mRNA at the highest dose at 5 days, decreasing with age |
Subjects: Holtzman rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 0.0125, 0.050,0.2 or 0.8 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: birth through adulthood |
Reference [PubMed Link] Nohara K, Fujimaki H, Tsukumo S, Ushio H, Miyabara Y, Kijima M, Tohyama C, Yonemoto J. 2000. The effects of perinatal exposure to low doses of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on immune organs in rats. Toxicology 154(1-3):123-133. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Accentuated fever in response to lipopolysaccharide endotoxin |
Subjects: Long-Evans rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 1.0 μg/kg Route of administration: delivered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: 3 months of age through adulthood |
Reference [PubMed Link] Gordon CJ, Miller DB. 1998. Thermoregulation in rats exposed perinatally to dioxin - core temperature stability to altered ambient temperature, behavioral thermoregulation, and febrile response to lipopolysaccharide. Journal of Toxicology & Environmental Health. Part A 54(8):647-662. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Increased percentage of neutrophils in blood at seven days after weaning; increased tumor development following PYB6 tumor cell injection. |
Subjects: B6C3F1 Hybrid mice Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 1.0 μg/kg bw Other doses tested: 5.0 or 15.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered orally Exposure duration: gestational day 14 – additional doses at 1, 7, and 14 days of age (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to beyond birth) Age of measurement: 2 through 21 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Luster MI, Boorman GA, Dean JH, Harris MW, Luebke RW, Padarathsingh ML, Moore JA. 1980. Examination of bone marrow, immunologic parameters and host susceptibility following pre- and postnatal exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Int J Immunopharmacol 2(4):301-10. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased relative thymus weight in males exposed via lactation and via both in utero and lactation, and in females exposed via both in utero and lactation |
Subjects: Holtzman rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 1.0 μg/kg bw; cross-fostered Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered orally Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: 21 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Nishimura N, Yonemoto J, Nishimura H, Ikushiro S, Tohyama C. 2005. Disruption of thyroid hormone homeostasis at weaning of holtzman rats by lactational but not in utero exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Toxicol Sci 85(1):607-614. |